Strategies for biomarker discovery in fibrotic disease.

The discovery and development of biomarkers for fibrotic diseases have potential utility in clinical decision-making as well as in pharmaceutical research and development. This review describes strategies for identifying diagnostic, prognostic and theranostic biomarkers. A range of technologies and platforms for biomarker discovery are highlighted, including several with specific relevance for fibrosis. Some challenges specific to fibrotic diseases are outlined including; benchmarking biomarkers against imperfect clinical measures of fibrosis, the complexity resulting from diverse aetiologies and target organs, and the availability of samples (including biopsy) from well-characterised patients with fibrotic disease. To overcome these challenges collaboration amongst clinical specialities as well as between academia and industry is essential. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Fibrosis: Translation of basic research to human disease.