OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine: 1) the association between the expression of the insulin receptor (INSR), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and 2 (IRS2), insulin inducible gene 1 (INSIG1) and 2 (INSIG2), Ras-related associated with diabetes (RRAD), and brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1-associated protein 2 (BAIAP2) genes in glioma cells and 2) the function of the endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling, mediated by endoplasmic reticulum to nuclei-1 (ERN1) and regulation of these gene expressions by hypoxia and glucose or glutamine deprivation. METHODS: The expression of the INSR, IRS1, IRS2, INSIG1, INSIG2, RRAD, and BAIAP2 genes in the glioma cell line U87 and its subline with ERN1 loss of function was studied by qPCR. The cells were exposed to a mix of 3 % oxygen and 5 % carbon dioxide and glucose or glutamine deprivation. RESULTS: The blockade of the ERN1 signaling enzyme function in glioma cells leads to the gene expression increase in INSR, INSIG2, and IRS2 and decrease in the BAIAP2 and RRAD genes. Hypoxia affected the expression of the INSR, IRS1, IRS2, INSIG1, INSIG2, and BAIAP2 genes with more significant changes in INSIG2 and IRS2 genes. Furthermore, the effect of hypoxia on expression of these genes was mostly dependent on the ERN1 signaling enzyme function. The data also show that glucose or glutamine deprivation may change the expression of the genes studied and that the suppression of the ERN1 enzyme function usually modifies the effect of the glucose or glutamine deprivation. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study demonstrated the dependence of INSR and related to insulin receptor signaling gene expressions in U87 glioma cells on ERN1 enzyme function indicating its participation in the regulation of metabolic and proliferative processes via endoplasmic reticulum stress which is important component of tumor growth and metabolic diseases. Moreover, hypoxia and glucose or glutamine deprivation are controlled by the expression of insulin receptor and related to insulin signaling genes mostly via ERN1 enzyme signaling.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine: 1) the association between the expression of the insulin receptor (INSR), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and 2 (IRS2), insulin inducible gene 1 (INSIG1) and 2 (INSIG2), Ras-related associated with diabetes (RRAD), and brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1-associated protein 2 (BAIAP2) genes in glioma cells and 2) the function of the endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling, mediated by endoplasmic reticulum to nuclei-1 (ERN1) and regulation of these gene expressions by hypoxia and glucose or glutamine deprivation. METHODS: The expression of the INSR, IRS1, IRS2, INSIG1, INSIG2, RRAD, and BAIAP2 genes in the glioma cell line U87 and its subline with ERN1 loss of function was studied by qPCR. The cells were exposed to a mix of 3 % oxygen and 5 % carbon dioxide and glucose or glutamine deprivation. RESULTS: The blockade of the ERN1 signaling enzyme function in glioma cells leads to the gene expression increase in INSR, INSIG2, and IRS2 and decrease in the BAIAP2 and RRAD genes. Hypoxia affected the expression of the INSR, IRS1, IRS2, INSIG1, INSIG2, and BAIAP2 genes with more significant changes in INSIG2 and IRS2 genes. Furthermore, the effect of hypoxia on expression of these genes was mostly dependent on the ERN1 signaling enzyme function. The data also show that glucose or glutamine deprivation may change the expression of the genes studied and that the suppression of the ERN1 enzyme function usually modifies the effect of the glucose or glutamine deprivation. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study demonstrated the dependence of INSR and related to insulin receptor signaling gene expressions in U87 glioma cells on ERN1 enzyme function indicating its participation in the regulation of metabolic and proliferative processes via endoplasmic reticulum stress which is important component of tumor growth and metabolic diseases. Moreover, hypoxia and glucose or glutamine deprivation are controlled by the expression of insulin receptor and related to insulin signaling genes mostly via ERN1 enzyme signaling.
Authors: Arlet M Acanda de la Rocha; Hernando López-Bertoni; Elizabeth Guruceaga; Marisol González-Huarriz; Naiara Martínez-Vélez; Enric Xipell; Juan Fueyo; Candelaria Gomez-Manzano; Marta M Alonso Journal: PLoS One Date: 2016-09-26 Impact factor: 3.240