The anti-apoptotic effect of fucoxanthin on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity.

This study evaluated the anti-apoptotic activity of fucoxanthin in carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced hepatotoxicity. An in vitro study using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay clearly demonstrated an attenuation of CCl(4)-induced hepatotoxicity with fucoxanthin. This effect was dose-dependent; 25 µM was more effective than 10 µM of fucoxanthin for attenuating the hepatotoxicity induced by 5 mM of CCl(4). Acute CCl(4)-hepatotoxicity in rats, with numerous cells positive for the terminal deoxynucleotidyl - transferase (TdT) -mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-digoxigenin (dUTP) nick-end labeling (TUNEL) stain were seen in the pericentral area of the hepatic lobule. Oral pretreatment of CCl(4)- injected rats with fucoxanthin significantly reduced hepatocyte apoptosis. Fucoxanthin was immunohistochemically shown to increase heme oxygenase-1 expression in the cultured liver cells of Hc cells and TRL1215 cells. By oral pretreatment of CCl(4)-injected rats with fucoxanthin, the hepatic heme oxygenase-1 protein levels were significantly increased compared to those not pretreated with fucoxanthin. Heme oxygenase-1 mRNA expression after CCl(4 )injection was higher in the CCl(4)+fucoxanthin group than in the CCl(4 )group, although the difference was not significant. The findings suggest that fucoxanthin attenuates hepatocyte apoptosis through heme oxygenase-1 induction in CCl(4)-induced acute liver injury.