[Update on FGFR3 mutation and multiple regional epigenetic silencing (MRES) phenotype in urothelial carcinogenesis].

FGFR3 mutation leads to a constitutive activation of the receptor 3 to Fibroblast Growth Factor. This mutation is early in urothelial carcinogenesis and is strongly associated to low grade papillary tumors. Multiple regional epigenetic silencing (MRES) phenotype corresponds to the transcriptional inactivation of chromosomal regions in muscle invasive bladder cancer, and is strongly associated to the molecular signature of carcinoma in situ. These alterations could be targeted by new specific therapies.