Injury-proneness of youth with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a national clinical data analysis in Taiwan.

Limited literature documents injury-proneness of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in western population. However, only a few studies prospectively investigated the prediction of ADHD to injuries without considering other psychiatric and physical conditions and there is lack of such data in Asian population. To prospectively examine the prediction of ADHD to the risk of injury in a national sample of Taiwan, we conducted this study with samples including 1965 6-18-year-old youths with newly diagnosis of ADHD from 1999 to 2003, and 7860 sex-, age- and index day-matched non-ADHD controls from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (1997-2008). Relevant psychiatric and physical disorders, demographics, and medications were also included in the Cox proportional hazard models with injury as the outcome. Our results showed that ADHD cases had a roughly 2-fold and 5-fold higher risk of each injury, and overall injury than controls after considering all confounding factors, respectively. In addition to ADHD, use of anxiolytics, antidepressants, and antipsychotics, and comorbid physical illnesses also predicted the injury prospectively. Our findings strongly support that ADHD predicted injury risks and imply that physicians should take the risk of injury into consideration while prescribing medications other than stimulants to patients with ADHD, especially anxiolytics.