Adjuvant methods to improve results of local bladder irrigations by chemotherapy for NMIBC.

Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer is characterized by frequent recurrences requiring repeated transurethral resections and carries a risk of progression to muscle-invasive disease. The routinely used, passive diffusion irrigation of the bladder with mitomycin C has achieved limited success in avoiding these events. We review two methods that may improve penetration of mitomycin C into the bladder wall, thus leading to better results in terms of recurrence rate and bladder preservation.