BACKGROUND: Tourette syndrome is a protoypical example of developmental psychopathology, with the varying expressions of the disorder and its consequences appearing over time. Sensory urges typically appear after age 10 and are often followed by anxiety and depression. OBJECTIVE: To study the associations among tic-related cognitions, premonitory urges, and tic severity in children with Tourette syndrome at different stages of the illness. SUBJECTS: Fifty-seven consecutive patients referred to a tic disorders clinic. INSTRUMENTS: A battery of instruments was completed: Yale Global Tic Severity Scale, Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale, Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, and Child Depression Inventory. To examine cognitions, a new measure was developed: the Beliefs About Tics Scale. RESULTS: Strong correlations were found between tic-related beliefs and both premonitory urges and tic-related impairments (as measured by the Yale Global Scale). Tic-related beliefs were also strongly correlated with depression in children older than 13 years but not in younger children. CONCLUSIONS: The significant correlations between tic-related cognitions, premonitory urges, and tic-related impairments in children emphasize the important role of psychological and sensory factors in the understanding of Tourette syndrome and in its treatment.
BACKGROUND:Tourette syndrome is a protoypical example of developmental psychopathology, with the varying expressions of the disorder and its consequences appearing over time. Sensory urges typically appear after age 10 and are often followed by anxiety and depression. OBJECTIVE: To study the associations among tic-related cognitions, premonitory urges, and tic severity in children with Tourette syndrome at different stages of the illness. SUBJECTS: Fifty-seven consecutive patients referred to a tic disorders clinic. INSTRUMENTS: A battery of instruments was completed: Yale Global Tic Severity Scale, Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale, Screen for ChildAnxiety Related Emotional Disorders, and ChildDepression Inventory. To examine cognitions, a new measure was developed: the Beliefs About Tics Scale. RESULTS: Strong correlations were found between tic-related beliefs and both premonitory urges and tic-related impairments (as measured by the Yale Global Scale). Tic-related beliefs were also strongly correlated with depression in children older than 13 years but not in younger children. CONCLUSIONS: The significant correlations between tic-related cognitions, premonitory urges, and tic-related impairments in children emphasize the important role of psychological and sensory factors in the understanding of Tourette syndrome and in its treatment.
Authors: Joseph F McGuire; Nicole McBride; John Piacentini; Carly Johnco; Adam B Lewin; Tanya K Murphy; Eric A Storch Journal: J Psychiatr Res Date: 2016-09-09 Impact factor: 4.791
Authors: Haley E Botteron; Cheryl A Richards; Tomoyuki Nishino; Keisuke Ueda; Haley K Acevedo; Jonathan M Koller; Kevin J Black Journal: Cortex Date: 2019-08-07 Impact factor: 4.027