HIV/AIDS Review.

Many advances have been made in the prevention of HIV transmission and management of HIV/AIDS since the virus was discovered in the early 1980s. One of the most important discoveries has been antiretroviral treatment, which can halt the replication of HIV and ease symptoms, turning AIDS into a chronic condition instead of a rapidly terminal illness. Despite advances, HIV remains a major public health challenge. This article reviews the genus, life cycle, and transmission of HIV, as well as workplace issues surrounding the virus and the challenges of developing an HIV vaccine.