OBJECTIVE: to determine incidence and predictors of late-life depression. METHODS: this is a 3-year observational cohort study of 3,214 non-demented patients aged 75 and over completing three waves of assessment. The patients were recruited in 138 primary care practices in six urban areas in Germany. Depressive symptoms were measured at baseline, and 18 months and 36 months later using the GDS-15 Geriatric Depression Scale with a cut-off 0-5/6-15. Cox proportional hazard regression models were applied to examine predictors of incident depression, adjusting for sex, age, education, living situation, activities of daily living - and instrumental activities of daily living impairment, somatic comorbidity, alcohol consumption, smoking, mild cognitive impairment and apoE4 status. RESULTS: the incidence of depression was 36.8 (95% CI: 29.6-45.3) per 1,000 person-years in men and 46.0 (95% CI: 39.9-52.8) in women (sex difference P = 0.069). The incidence increased from 35.4 (95% CI: 29.7-41.9) per 1000 person-years between the ages of 75 and 79 to 75.2 (95% CI: 53.2-103.2) for subjects 85 years and older. After full adjustment for confounding variables, hazard ratios (HR) for incident depression were significantly higher for subjects 85 years and older (HR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.24-2.70) and those with mobility impairment (HR: 2.53, 95% CI: 1.97-3.25), vision impairment (HR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.04-1.91), mild cognitive impairment (HR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.10-2.10), subjective memory impairment (HR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.01-1.74) and current smoking (HR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.13-2.53). CONCLUSIONS: the incidence of depression increased significantly with age. In designing prevention programmes, it is important to call more attention on functional impairment, cognitive impairment and smoking.
OBJECTIVE: to determine incidence and predictors of late-life depression. METHODS: this is a 3-year observational cohort study of 3,214 non-demented patients aged 75 and over completing three waves of assessment. The patients were recruited in 138 primary care practices in six urban areas in Germany. Depressive symptoms were measured at baseline, and 18 months and 36 months later using the GDS-15 Geriatric Depression Scale with a cut-off 0-5/6-15. Cox proportional hazard regression models were applied to examine predictors of incident depression, adjusting for sex, age, education, living situation, activities of daily living - and instrumental activities of daily living impairment, somatic comorbidity, alcohol consumption, smoking, mild cognitive impairment and apoE4 status. RESULTS: the incidence of depression was 36.8 (95% CI: 29.6-45.3) per 1,000 person-years in men and 46.0 (95% CI: 39.9-52.8) in women (sex difference P = 0.069). The incidence increased from 35.4 (95% CI: 29.7-41.9) per 1000 person-years between the ages of 75 and 79 to 75.2 (95% CI: 53.2-103.2) for subjects 85 years and older. After full adjustment for confounding variables, hazard ratios (HR) for incident depression were significantly higher for subjects 85 years and older (HR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.24-2.70) and those with mobility impairment (HR: 2.53, 95% CI: 1.97-3.25), vision impairment (HR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.04-1.91), mild cognitive impairment (HR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.10-2.10), subjective memory impairment (HR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.01-1.74) and current smoking (HR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.13-2.53). CONCLUSIONS: the incidence of depression increased significantly with age. In designing prevention programmes, it is important to call more attention on functional impairment, cognitive impairment and smoking.
Authors: Weng-Yee Chin; Eric Yuk Fai Wan; Edmond Pui Hang Choi; Kit Tsui Yan Chan; Cindy Lo Kuen Lam Journal: Ann Fam Med Date: 2016 Jan-Feb Impact factor: 5.166
Authors: Amy E Taylor; Meg E Fluharty; Johan H Bjørngaard; Maiken Elvestad Gabrielsen; Frank Skorpen; Riccardo E Marioni; Archie Campbell; Jorgen Engmann; Saira Saeed Mirza; Anu Loukola; Tiina Laatikainen; Timo Partonen; Marika Kaakinen; Francesca Ducci; Alana Cavadino; Lise Lotte N Husemoen; Tarunveer Singh Ahluwalia; Rikke Kart Jacobsen; Tea Skaaby; Jeanette Frost Ebstrup; Erik Lykke Mortensen; Camelia C Minica; Jacqueline M Vink; Gonneke Willemsen; Pedro Marques-Vidal; Caroline E Dale; Antoinette Amuzu; Lucy T Lennon; Jari Lahti; Aarno Palotie; Katri Räikkönen; Andrew Wong; Lavinia Paternoster; Angelita Pui-Yee Wong; L John Horwood; Michael Murphy; Elaine C Johnstone; Martin A Kennedy; Zdenka Pausova; Tomáš Paus; Yoav Ben-Shlomo; Ellen A Nohr; Diana Kuh; Mika Kivimaki; Johan G Eriksson; Richard W Morris; Juan P Casas; Martin Preisig; Dorret I Boomsma; Allan Linneberg; Chris Power; Elina Hyppönen; Juha Veijola; Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin; Tellervo Korhonen; Henning Tiemeier; Meena Kumari; David J Porteous; Caroline Hayward; Pål R Romundstad; George Davey Smith; Marcus R Munafò Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2014-10-07 Impact factor: 2.692