PURPOSE: To describe an extremely uncommon outbreak of eye lesions in a specific area of the Brazilian Amazonia. METHODS: Prospective noncomparative case series. Fifty-nine patients who developed eye lesions after swimming in the Araguaia river of Tocantins state in Brazil were examined. A team of ophthalmologists equipped with a slit-lamp, gonioscopic lenses, and indirect ophthalmoscopy performed full eye examination. Analysis of the flora and fauna of the river water was undertaken by a group of experts. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Eighty-three eyes were affected. The most common lesions were corneal opacities seen in 34 eyes and conjunctival nodules diagnosed in 12 eyes. Severe visual acuity loss was detected in seven children with unilateral anterior chamber lesions. Spicules of the sponge species Drulia uruguayensis and Drulia ctenosclera were found inside three blind eyes that have been enucleated for diagnostic purposes. All eye lesions could be attributed to an outbreak of foreign bodies from fresh water sponges. Organic enrichment of the water resulting from the absence of sanitation probably was the key factor, which initiated a cycle of ecological imbalance that provoked human disease.
PURPOSE: To describe an extremely uncommon outbreak of eye lesions in a specific area of the Brazilian Amazonia. METHODS: Prospective noncomparative case series. Fifty-nine patients who developed eye lesions after swimming in the Araguaia river of Tocantins state in Brazil were examined. A team of ophthalmologists equipped with a slit-lamp, gonioscopic lenses, and indirect ophthalmoscopy performed full eye examination. Analysis of the flora and fauna of the river water was undertaken by a group of experts. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Eighty-three eyes were affected. The most common lesions were corneal opacities seen in 34 eyes and conjunctival nodules diagnosed in 12 eyes. Severe visual acuity loss was detected in seven children with unilateral anterior chamber lesions. Spicules of the sponge species Drulia uruguayensis and Drulia ctenosclera were found inside three blind eyes that have been enucleated for diagnostic purposes. All eye lesions could be attributed to an outbreak of foreign bodies from fresh water sponges. Organic enrichment of the water resulting from the absence of sanitation probably was the key factor, which initiated a cycle of ecological imbalance that provoked human disease.
Authors: S Rathinam; T R Fritsche; M Srinivasan; P Vijayalakshmi; R W Read; R Gautom; P Namperumalsamy; N A Rao Journal: Ophthalmology Date: 2001-07 Impact factor: 12.079
Authors: Cecilia Volkmer-Ribeiro; Henrique L Lenzi; Fernando Oréfice; Marcelo Pelajo-Machado; Leandro M de Alencar; Carlos F Fonseca; Twiggy C A Batista; Pedro P A Manso; Janice Coelho; Marcelo Machado Journal: Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz Date: 2006-12 Impact factor: 2.743
Authors: Marcia O Mendes; Mario A P Moraes; Ernesto I M Renoiner; Marta H P Dantas; Tatiania M Lanzieri; Carlos F Fonseca; Expedito J A Luna; Douglas L Hatch Journal: Emerg Infect Dis Date: 2009-04 Impact factor: 6.883