BACKGROUND/ PURPOSE: The skin plays an important role as a protective barrier against toxic environments and also is a route of drug administration. In spite of evidence for and interest in the skin penetration of nanoparticles, no study has examined the effect of nanoparticle surface charge on percutaneous absorption. In this study, we investigated the effect of surface charges of gold nanorods (GNs) on skin penetration. METHODS: Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and image analysis, we quantitatively measured the ability of GNs to penetrate the skin. RESULTS: Our results showed that the area density of the electron-dense dots of GNs, which penetrated into the stratum corneum, significantly increased for negatively charged GNs compared to those with a positive charge (P < 0.01). To investigate the percutanoues absorption of charged GNs, in vitro skin permeation studies were carried out using a Franz-type diffusion cell (FDC). The penetration of GNs through the skin was quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Consistent with TEM observations, our penetration study using an FDC also revealed that negative particles were frequently detected in samples of receptor fluid at 48 h after exposure (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Together our results showed that anionic GNs penetrate skin better than cationic GNs.
BACKGROUND/ PURPOSE: The skin plays an important role as a protective barrier against toxic environments and also is a route of drug administration. In spite of evidence for and interest in the skin penetration of nanoparticles, no study has examined the effect of nanoparticle surface charge on percutaneous absorption. In this study, we investigated the effect of surface charges of gold nanorods (GNs) on skin penetration. METHODS: Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and image analysis, we quantitatively measured the ability of GNs to penetrate the skin. RESULTS: Our results showed that the area density of the electron-dense dots of GNs, which penetrated into the stratum corneum, significantly increased for negatively charged GNs compared to those with a positive charge (P < 0.01). To investigate the percutanoues absorption of charged GNs, in vitro skin permeation studies were carried out using a Franz-type diffusion cell (FDC). The penetration of GNs through the skin was quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Consistent with TEM observations, our penetration study using an FDC also revealed that negative particles were frequently detected in samples of receptor fluid at 48 h after exposure (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Together our results showed that anionic GNs penetrate skin better than cationic GNs.
Authors: Onseok Lee; See Hyun Lee; Sang Hoon Jeong; Jaeyoung Kim; Hwa Jung Ryu; Chilhwan Oh; Sang Wook Son Journal: Med Biol Eng Comput Date: 2015-11-20 Impact factor: 2.602
Authors: Nouf N Mahmoud; Ala A Alhusban; Jamila Isabilla Ali; Amal G Al-Bakri; Rania Hamed; Enam A Khalil Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2019-04-08 Impact factor: 4.379