Identification of genes differentially expressed in clams Ruditapes philippinarum in response to endosulfan after different exposure time.

This study reports molecular biomarkers potentially associated with resistance or sensitivity to the impact of endosulfan in clams, Ruditapes philippinarum. Genomic analysis was made applying suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) to identify genes up- and down-regulated in calms exposed to 0.5 μg/L endosulfan for 1d and 10d. Results obtained from the SSH library revealed 360 different sequences regulated by endosulfan, which correspond to nine major physiological functions. To validate the expression profiles from SSH, 13 genes regulated by endosulfan were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. This study provides information for the characterization of potential molecular biomarker that may be used in future environmental monitoring and to investigate the mechanisms of stress to endosulfan in clams/marine invertebrates.