Doxorubicin liposome-loaded microbubbles for contrast imaging and ultrasound-triggered drug delivery.

Targeted drug delivery under image guidance is gaining more interest in the drug-delivery field. The use of microbubbles as contrast agents in diagnostic ultrasound provides new opportunities in noninvasive image-guided drug delivery. In the present study, the imaging and therapeutic properties of novel doxorubicin liposome-loaded microbubbles are evaluated. The results showed that at scanning settings (1.7 MHz and mechanical index 0.2), these microbubbles scatter sufficient signal for nonlinear ultrasound imaging and can thus be imaged in real time and be tracked in vivo. In vitro therapeutic evaluation showed that ultrasound at 1 MHz and pressures up to 600 kPa in combination with the doxorubicin liposomeloaded microbubbles induced 4-fold decrease of cell viability compared with treatment with free doxorubicin or doxorubicin liposome-loaded microbubbles alone. The therapeutic effectiveness is correlated to an ultrasound-triggered release of doxorubicin from the liposomes and an enhanced uptake of the free doxorubicin by glioblastoma cells. The results obtained demonstrate that the combination of ultrasound and the doxorubicin liposome-loaded microbubbles can provide a new method of noninvasive image-guided drug delivery.