Dose adjustment of nifedipine in hypertensive patients.

Ten patients with essential hypertension (WHO grade I-II) were treated in an open dose-adjustment study with the standard regimen of slow-release nifedipine 20 mg b.d. for 2 weeks and with an individualized dose for 6 weeks. The optimum dose, defined as that producing a pre-dose diastolic blood pressure (dBP) of 90 mm Hg at steady state, was determined from the individual concentration-effect relationship after a test-dose of 20 mg. On standard therapy, the reduction in pre-dose dBP was inadequate in 4 patients and it was excessive in 1 patient. After 2 weeks of individualized treatment, the required pre-dose antihypertensive effect was obtained in all patients. The individual doses required were 10 mg b.d., 10 mg t.d.s. 20 mg b.d., 20 mg t.d.s. and 20 mg q.d.s. One patient dropped out of the study because of side effects. Loss of the antihypertensive effect was observed in one patient after 6 weeks of treatment. On the optimized dose, the average value of the pre- and 2 h post-dose steady state nifedipine concentrations (27.6 micrograms/l) compared well with model-derived optimum concentrations (28.6 microliters/l) (r = 0.9210). The results show that the dose of nifedipine can be accurately predicted using the individual concentration-effect relationship after a single dose.