[The brain peptidergic signaling systems in diabetes mellitus].

One of the key causes of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications are the changes in the functional activity of hormonal signaling systems regulated by different hormones, as shown in the literature data and our results on the study of animal models of DM and human DM of the types 1 and 2. The brain peptidergic systems regulated by melanocortin receptors agonists, neuropeptide Y, glucagon-like peptide-1, kisspeptins and somatostatin play an important role in the etiology and pathogenesis of DM. However, the data on the relationship between the functional state of these systems and the development of DM and its complications are few and contradictory. The changes in the peptidergic systems are usually the result of metabolic and functional deregulations caused by DM, but in some cases they can themselves become the cause of DM, as shown in the case of melanocortin signaling system. This review is devoted to the functioning of the brain peptidergic systems in DM and the possible role of the changes of their activity in the development of the disease. Here we discuss the hypothesis of central origin of type 2 DM, based on the generation of insulin resistance and disturbances of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in response to the changes in the functional activity of the brain signaling systems regulated by neuropeptides.