PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this study is to survey and synthesize recent progress in soluble biomarkers relevant to HIV-1 disease stages, progression and comorbidities. RECENT FINDINGS: Soluble biomarkers in plasma and other body fluids provide insight into many aspects of HIV-1 disease. Chemokines and defensins in breast milk and cervicovaginal secretions have been associated with HIV-1 susceptibility and transmission. Acute infection plasma cytokine storm components, including serum amyloid A, IFNγ-induced protein 10, interleukin (IL)-12, interferon-gamma (IFNγ), IL-7 and IL-15, may help predict viral load set-point and the subsequent disease progression. During chronic infection, IL-6, soluble (s)CD14, sCD163, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, D-dimer, fibrin and hyaluronic acid can help predict comorbidities, and to some extent disease progression and mortality, in patients both on and off antiretroviral therapy. Furthermore, recent results suggest that assessment of combinations of soluble biomarkers may prove more powerful than the single factors alone in predicting disease. SUMMARY: Soluble biomarkers help us understand HIV-1 immunopathogenesis. Integration of many biomarkers derived from a single plasma sample might become a powerful tool to optimize and individualize treatment and care.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this study is to survey and synthesize recent progress in soluble biomarkers relevant to HIV-1 disease stages, progression and comorbidities. RECENT FINDINGS: Soluble biomarkers in plasma and other body fluids provide insight into many aspects of HIV-1 disease. Chemokines and defensins in breast milk and cervicovaginal secretions have been associated with HIV-1 susceptibility and transmission. Acute infection plasma cytokine storm components, including serum amyloid A, IFNγ-induced protein 10, interleukin (IL)-12, interferon-gamma (IFNγ), IL-7 and IL-15, may help predict viral load set-point and the subsequent disease progression. During chronic infection, IL-6, soluble (s)CD14, sCD163, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, D-dimer, fibrin and hyaluronic acid can help predict comorbidities, and to some extent disease progression and mortality, in patients both on and off antiretroviral therapy. Furthermore, recent results suggest that assessment of combinations of soluble biomarkers may prove more powerful than the single factors alone in predicting disease. SUMMARY: Soluble biomarkers help us understand HIV-1 immunopathogenesis. Integration of many biomarkers derived from a single plasma sample might become a powerful tool to optimize and individualize treatment and care.
Authors: Fabio C O F Cachem; Aleida S Dias; Clarice Monteiro; José Roberto Castro; Gabriel Fernandes; Letícia Delphim; Adilson J Almeida; Felipe Tavares; Alessandra M A Maciel; Marcia M Amendola-Pires; Carlos E Brandão-Mello; Cleonice A M Bento Journal: Immunology Date: 2017-03-13 Impact factor: 7.397
Authors: M-A Jenabian; M Patel; I Kema; K Vyboh; C Kanagaratham; D Radzioch; P Thébault; R Lapointe; N Gilmore; P Ancuta; C Tremblay; J-P Routy Journal: Clin Exp Immunol Date: 2014-10 Impact factor: 4.330
Authors: Jose R Castillo-Mancilla; Amie Meditz; Cara Wilson; Jia-Hua Zheng; Brent E Palmer; Eric J Lee; Edward M Gardner; Sharon Seifert; Becky Kerr; Lane R Bushman; Samantha MaWhinney; Peter L Anderson Journal: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Date: 2015-04-15 Impact factor: 3.731
Authors: Vanessa El Kamari; Corrilynn O Hileman; Pierre M Gholam; Manjusha Kulkarni; Nicholas Funderburg; Grace A McComsey Journal: Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol Date: 2018-06-14 Impact factor: 11.382
Authors: Jyoti S Mathad; Nikhil Gupte; Ashwin Balagopal; David Asmuth; James Hakim; Breno Santos; Cynthia Riviere; Mina Hosseinipour; Patcharaphan Sugandhavesa; Rosa Infante; Sandy Pillay; Sandra W Cardoso; Noluthando Mwelase; Jyoti Pawar; Sima Berendes; Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy; Bruno B Andrade; Thomas B Campbell; Judith S Currier; Susan E Cohn; Amita Gupta Journal: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Date: 2016-10-01 Impact factor: 3.731
Authors: Eleanor R Gray; Robert Bain; Olivia Varsaneux; Rosanna W Peeling; Molly M Stevens; Rachel A McKendry Journal: AIDS Date: 2018-09-24 Impact factor: 4.177