Impact of diabetes on alpha-crystallins and other heat shock proteins in the eye.

Diabetes and its related complications represent a major growing health concern and economic burden worldwide. Ocular manifestations of diabetes include cataractogenesis and retinopathy, the latter being the leading cause of blindness in the working-age population. Despite numerous studies and recent progress, the exact pathophysiology of the disease remains to be fully elucidated and development of new and improved therapeutic strategies for this chronic condition are greatly needed. Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are highly conserved families of proteins, which are generally regarded as protective molecules that play a wide variety of roles and can be expressed in response to different types of cellular stresses. In recent years, numerous studies have reported their implication in various ocular diseases including diabetic retinopathy. The present review focuses on the potential implication of Hsps in ocular diabetic complications and discusses their specific mechanisms of regulation with respect to their expression, functions and alteration during diabetes. The review will conclude by examining the potential of Hsps as therapeutic agents or targets for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.