Cell-based vasculogenic studies in preclinical models of chronic myocardial ischaemia and hibernation.

INTRODUCTION: Coronary artery disease commonly leads to myocardial ischaemia and hibernation. Relevant preclinical models of these conditions are essential to evaluate new therapeutic options such as cell-based vasculogenic therapies. AREAS COVERED: In this article, the authors first review basic concepts of myocardial ischaemia/hibernation and relevant techniques to assess myocardial viability. Then, preclinical models of chronic myocardial ischaemia and hibernation, induced by devices such as ameroid constrictors, Delrin stenosis, hydraulic occluders, and coils/stents are described. Lastly, the authors discuss cell-based vasculogenic therapy, and summarise studies conducted in large animal models of chronic myocardial ischaemia and hibernation. EXPERT OPINION: Approximately one-third of patients with viable myocardium do not undergo revascularisation; however, this population is at high risk for cardiac events and would surely benefit from effective cell-based therapy. Because of the modest benefits in clinical studies, preclinical models accurately representing clinical myocardial ischemia/hibernation are necessary to better understand and appropriately direct regenerative therapy research.