UNLABELLED: Individuals who are involved in explosive sport types, such as 100-m sprints and long jump, have greater bone density, leg muscle size, jumping height and grip strength than individuals involved in long-distance running. INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between different types of physical activity with bone, lean mass and neuromuscular performance in older individuals. METHODS: We examined short- (n = 50), middle- (n = 19) and long-distance (n = 109) athletes at the 15th European Masters Championships in Poznań, Poland. Dual X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and lean tissue mass. Maximal countermovement jump, multiple one-leg hopping and maximal grip force tests were performed. RESULTS: Short-distance athletes showed significantly higher aBMD at the legs, hip, lumbar spine and trunk compared to long-distance athletes (p ≤ 0.0012). Countermovement jump performance, hop force, grip force, leg lean mass and arm lean mass were greater in short-distance athletes (p ≤ 0.027). A similar pattern was seen in middle-distance athletes who typically showed higher aBMD and better neuromuscular performance than long-distance athletes, but lower in magnitude than short-distance athletes. In all athletes, aBMD was the same or higher than the expected age-adjusted population mean at the lumbar spine, hip and whole body. This effect was greater in the short- and middle-distance athletes. CONCLUSIONS: The stepwise relation between short-, middle- and long-distance athletes on bone suggests that the higher-impact loading protocols in short-distance disciplines are more effective in promoting aBMD. The regional effect on bone, with the differences between the groups being most marked at load-bearing regions (legs, hip, spine and trunk) rather than non-load-bearing regions, is further evidence in support of the idea that bone adaptation to exercise is dependent upon the local loading environment, rather than as part of a systemic effect.
UNLABELLED: Individuals who are involved in explosive sport types, such as 100-m sprints and long jump, have greater bone density, leg muscle size, jumping height and grip strength than individuals involved in long-distance running. INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between different types of physical activity with bone, lean mass and neuromuscular performance in older individuals. METHODS: We examined short- (n = 50), middle- (n = 19) and long-distance (n = 109) athletes at the 15th European Masters Championships in Poznań, Poland. Dual X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and lean tissue mass. Maximal countermovement jump, multiple one-leg hopping and maximal grip force tests were performed. RESULTS: Short-distance athletes showed significantly higher aBMD at the legs, hip, lumbar spine and trunk compared to long-distance athletes (p ≤ 0.0012). Countermovement jump performance, hop force, grip force, leg lean mass and arm lean mass were greater in short-distance athletes (p ≤ 0.027). A similar pattern was seen in middle-distance athletes who typically showed higher aBMD and better neuromuscular performance than long-distance athletes, but lower in magnitude than short-distance athletes. In all athletes, aBMD was the same or higher than the expected age-adjusted population mean at the lumbar spine, hip and whole body. This effect was greater in the short- and middle-distance athletes. CONCLUSIONS: The stepwise relation between short-, middle- and long-distance athletes on bone suggests that the higher-impact loading protocols in short-distance disciplines are more effective in promoting aBMD. The regional effect on bone, with the differences between the groups being most marked at load-bearing regions (legs, hip, spine and trunk) rather than non-load-bearing regions, is further evidence in support of the idea that bone adaptation to exercise is dependent upon the local loading environment, rather than as part of a systemic effect.
Authors: Beatriz Lara; Juan José Salinero; Jorge Gutiérrez; Francisco Areces; Javier Abián-Vicén; Diana Ruiz-Vicente; César Gallo-Salazar; Fernando Jiménez; Juan Del Coso Journal: Eur J Appl Physiol Date: 2015-10-31 Impact factor: 3.078
Authors: Diana Ruiz-Vicente; Teresa García-Pastor; Beatriz Lara; Juan José Salinero; Francisco Areces; César Gallo-Salazar; Javier Abián-Vicén; Fernando Jiménez; Juan Del Coso Journal: Arch Osteoporos Date: 2021-06-02 Impact factor: 2.617
Authors: J Piasecki; J S McPhee; K Hannam; K C Deere; A Elhakeem; M Piasecki; H Degens; J H Tobias; A Ireland Journal: Arch Osteoporos Date: 2018-07-03 Impact factor: 2.617
Authors: Jesus Montenegro Barreto; Ruben Vidal-Espinoza; Rossana Gomez Campos; Miguel De Arruda; Luis Urzua Alul; Jose Sulla-Torres; Marco Cossio-Bolaños; Jorge Mendez-Cornejo Journal: Eur J Transl Myol Date: 2021-03-26
Authors: Tuuli H Suominen; Markku Alén; Timo Törmäkangas; Hans Degens; Jörn Rittweger; Ari Heinonen; Harri Suominen; Marko T Korhonen Journal: JBMR Plus Date: 2021-05-24
Authors: Jessica Piasecki; Alex Ireland; Mathew Piasecki; Kevin Deere; Kimberley Hannam; Jonathan Tobias; Jamie S McPhee Journal: Front Physiol Date: 2019-08-27 Impact factor: 4.566