[Attalea butyracea palms adjacent to housing as a source of infestation by Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)].

INTRODUCTION: The presence of Rhodnius prolixus in palms on the eastern plains area of Colombia provide a high risk for infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. Intensive surveillance of the palm tree habitat are necessary to confirm the presence of bugs and provide evidence that this habitat is a source of house infestations.
OBJECTIVE: The infestation by R. prolixus in the palm, Attalea butyracea, was investigated near homes for assessment of risk.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Palms were examined for Rhodnius bugs adjacent to rural housing in the eastern plains provinces of Casanare and Arauca, Colombia. Bait traps were used as well as an active search by the investigators and a community watch program to collect intradomiciliary triatomine bugs. Collected species were identified by morphological criteria,and natural T.cruzi infections in the triatomine bugs were detected by the PCR technique.
RESULTS: In 111 of 172 (64.5%) palms (A. butyracea) inspected, 529 nymphs and adults of R. prolixus and 5 nymphs of Eratyrus mucronatus were collected. The A. butyracea were located within 500 m of housing. In the same period, 132 R. prolixus and specimens of the triatomine species Psammolestes arthuri,Cavernicola pilosa, Triatoma maculata, Panstrongylus geniculatus were collected inside houses. Twenty nymphs of E. mucronatus were found in a pile of bricks on the porch of a home. Natural infection of T. cruzi was detected in 28.8% of R. prolixus from palm trees and 30.0% inside houses.
CONCLUSIONS: A new epidemiological scenario of transmission of Chagas disease was revealed, characterized by high rates of infestation of R. prolixus in palms near houses with frequent intrusion into houses. In designing measures to prevent Chagas disease, the association of palm trees, triatomine bugs and housing proximity is a significant consideration.