Role of Exosome in infectious disease.

Exosome is the nano vesicle budded from the endosomal compartment that produces and releases by all kinds of mammalian cells. This vesicle contains the different proteins, lipid, mRNA and miRNA which are specific to the origin of cell derived from and contribute to the cell to cell communication. Recently, it has been reported that a few single cell eukaryote, Cryptoccoccus neoformance and Leishmania major and donovani can secrete the exosome which influences on the immune system of the host. In addition, it has been observed that infected cells by intracellular pathogens secrete the exosomes. Furthermore, the retroviruses recruit endosomal compartment of the host for generating the viral vesicles which are similar to the exosomes. Most of the exosome involved in infectious biology can spread or limit the infections based on the type of pathogens and their target cells. Hence, exosome may use as a proper candidate for a vaccine which is applied in prophylaxis and treatment.