Diabetic nephropathy: causes and managements.

Uncontrolled diabetic patients often develop diabetic nephropathy (DN). Since, it involves different molecular pathways, such as polyol pathway, protein kinase-C (PKC) activation, inflammatory and oxidative stress etc., and so multi-targeted drugs would be required for its management. Although, combination therapies with various conventional medicines are already in use, but herbal preparations are being preferred as adjuvant therapy, because of their multi targeted drug action due to the presence of natural cocktail of various secondary metabolites. This review describes pathogenesis of DN, possible approaches for its management and information about recent patents and bio-products, which are in pipe line of drug development.