BACKGROUND: Acute diarrhea remains a major public health problem in East African nations such as Kenya. Surveillance for a broad range of enteric pathogens is necessary to accurately predict the frequency of pathogens and potential changes in antibiotic resistance patterns. METHOD: Stool samples were collected from September 2009 to September 2011; 193 and 239 samples, from age-matched cases and asymptomatic controls, were collected, respectively, from Kericho and Kisumu District Hospitals in western Kenya. Bacterial pathogens were identified by conventional microbiological methods; antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates was ascertained using the MicroScan WalkAway 40 Plus. An enzyme immunoassay kit was used to detect rotavirus, and ova and parasite examination was conducted by microscopy and an enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: Rotavirus (10.2% and 10.5%) and Shigella (11% and 8%) were isolated significantly more often in the cases than the controls from Kericho and Kisumu District Hospitals respectively. The diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella were found most often in the cases while Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar were found more often in the controls. Most pathogens were isolated from children under 5 years old. More than 50% of the Shigella, Salmonella and diarrheagenic E. coli isolates were multidrug resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole with several enteroaggregative and enterotoxigenic E. coli isolates producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. CONCLUSION: Accurate epidemiologic information on acute diarrheal illness in Kenya will be critical for augmenting existing diarrhea management policies in terms of treatment and to strengthen future community awareness and health promotion programs.
BACKGROUND: Acute diarrhea remains a major public health problem in East African nations such as Kenya. Surveillance for a broad range of enteric pathogens is necessary to accurately predict the frequency of pathogens and potential changes in antibiotic resistance patterns. METHOD: Stool samples were collected from September 2009 to September 2011; 193 and 239 samples, from age-matched cases and asymptomatic controls, were collected, respectively, from Kericho and Kisumu District Hospitals in western Kenya. Bacterial pathogens were identified by conventional microbiological methods; antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates was ascertained using the MicroScan WalkAway 40 Plus. An enzyme immunoassay kit was used to detect rotavirus, and ova and parasite examination was conducted by microscopy and an enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: Rotavirus (10.2% and 10.5%) and Shigella (11% and 8%) were isolated significantly more often in the cases than the controls from Kericho and Kisumu District Hospitals respectively. The diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella were found most often in the cases while Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar were found more often in the controls. Most pathogens were isolated from children under 5 years old. More than 50% of the Shigella, Salmonella and diarrheagenic E. coli isolates were multidrug resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole with several enteroaggregative and enterotoxigenic E. coli isolates producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. CONCLUSION: Accurate epidemiologic information on acute diarrheal illness in Kenya will be critical for augmenting existing diarrhea management policies in terms of treatment and to strengthen future community awareness and health promotion programs.
Authors: Patricia B Pavlinac; Jaqueline M Naulikha; Linda Chaba; Naomi Kimani; Laura R Sangaré; Krista Yuhas; Benson O Singa; Grace John-Stewart; Judd L Walson Journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg Date: 2014-05-19 Impact factor: 2.345
Authors: Sylvia Becker-Dreps; Filemon Bucardo; Samuel Vilchez; Luis Enrique Zambrana; Lan Liu; David J Weber; Rodolfo Peña; Leslie Barclay; Jan Vinjé; Michael G Hudgens; Johan Nordgren; Lennart Svensson; Douglas R Morgan; Félix Espinoza; Margarita Paniagua Journal: Pediatr Infect Dis J Date: 2014-11 Impact factor: 2.129
Authors: Ira Praharaj; Sushil M John; Rini Bandyopadhyay; Gagandeep Kang Journal: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci Date: 2015-06-19 Impact factor: 6.237
Authors: Tuan Ngoc Minh Nguyen; Helmut Hotzel; John Njeru; Joyce Mwituria; Hosny El-Adawy; Herbert Tomaso; Heinrich Neubauer; Hafez M Hafez Journal: Gut Pathog Date: 2016-08-27 Impact factor: 4.181