BACKGROUND: African Pygmies have many risk factors for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), such as low socioeconomic status and low quality of health care. We characterized Streptococcus pneumoniae from Gabonese Pygmies and analyzed risk factors for S. pneumoniae carriage to improve prophylaxis and therapy of IPD in this neglected, remotely living African community. METHODS: Nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae, susceptibility, serotypes and risk factors for IPD were assessed in 103 Pygmies in a cross-sectional study. RESULTS: The carriage rate was 37% (n = 38), with the highest proportion (79%, n = 11) in children between two and four years (n = 14). The predominant serotypes were 15A (24%, n = 9), 11A (16%, n = 6) and 6A (13%, n = 5). Non-susceptibility was detected against penicillin (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; CLSI) meningitis breakpoints; (18%, n = 7), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (61%, n = 23), tetracycline (55%, n = 21) and chloramphenicol (3%, n = 1). Among adult participants (n = 51), 69% (n = 35) regularly consumed alcohol and 75% (n = 38) reported to smoke cigarettes. CONCLUSION: The high proportion of nicotine and drug abuse might increase the risk of IPD. The unusual serotypes challenge a broad coverage by currently marketed vaccines; the broad antibiotic resistance limits the choice of therapy for S. pneumoniae infection.
BACKGROUND: African Pygmies have many risk factors for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), such as low socioeconomic status and low quality of health care. We characterized Streptococcus pneumoniae from Gabonese Pygmies and analyzed risk factors for S. pneumoniae carriage to improve prophylaxis and therapy of IPD in this neglected, remotely living African community. METHODS: Nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae, susceptibility, serotypes and risk factors for IPD were assessed in 103 Pygmies in a cross-sectional study. RESULTS: The carriage rate was 37% (n = 38), with the highest proportion (79%, n = 11) in children between two and four years (n = 14). The predominant serotypes were 15A (24%, n = 9), 11A (16%, n = 6) and 6A (13%, n = 5). Non-susceptibility was detected against penicillin (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; CLSI) meningitis breakpoints; (18%, n = 7), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (61%, n = 23), tetracycline (55%, n = 21) and chloramphenicol (3%, n = 1). Among adult participants (n = 51), 69% (n = 35) regularly consumed alcohol and 75% (n = 38) reported to smoke cigarettes. CONCLUSION: The high proportion of nicotine and drug abuse might increase the risk of IPD. The unusual serotypes challenge a broad coverage by currently marketed vaccines; the broad antibiotic resistance limits the choice of therapy for S. pneumoniae infection.
Authors: Emma L Smith; India Wheeler; Hugh Adler; Daniela M Ferreira; Raquel Sá-Leão; Osman Abdullahi; Ifedayo Adetifa; Sylvia Becker-Dreps; Susanna Esposito; Helmia Farida; Rama Kandasamy; Grant A Mackenzie; J Pekka Nuorti; Susan Nzenze; Shabir A Madhi; Omar Ortega; Anna Roca; Dodi Safari; Frieder Schaumburg; Effua Usuf; Elisabeth A M Sanders; Lindsay R Grant; Laura L Hammitt; Katherine L O'Brien; Prabhu Gounder; Dana J T Bruden; Michelle C Stanton; Jamie Rylance Journal: J Infect Date: 2020-06-17 Impact factor: 6.072
Authors: Michael Ramharter; Selidji T Agnandji; Ayôla A Adegnika; Bertrand Lell; Ghyslain Mombo-Ngoma; Martin P Grobusch; Matthew McCall; Riko Muranaka; Andrea Kreidenweiss; Thirumalaisamy P Velavan; Meral Esen; Frieder Schaumburg; Abraham Alabi; Christiane Druml; Benjamin Mordmüller; Carsten Köhler; Peter G Kremsner Journal: Wien Klin Wochenschr Date: 2021-01-04 Impact factor: 1.704
Authors: Abraham S Alabi; Lisa Frielinghaus; Harry Kaba; Katrin Kösters; Michaëla A M Huson; Barbara C Kahl; Georg Peters; Martin P Grobusch; Saadou Issifou; Peter G Kremsner; Frieder Schaumburg Journal: BMC Infect Dis Date: 2013-10-02 Impact factor: 3.090
Authors: Eleanor F G Neal; Cattram D Nguyen; Felista T Ratu; Eileen M Dunne; Mike Kama; Belinda D Ortika; Laura K Boelsen; Joseph Kado; Lisi Tikoduadua; Rachel Devi; Evelyn Tuivaga; Rita C Reyburn; Catherine Satzke; Eric Rafai; E Kim Mulholland; Fiona M Russell Journal: PLoS One Date: 2020-04-01 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Eleanor F G Neal; Stefan Flasche; Cattram D Nguyen; F Tupou Ratu; Eileen M Dunne; Lanieta Koyamaibole; Rita Reyburn; Eric Rafai; Mike Kama; Belinda D Ortika; Laura K Boelsen; Joseph Kado; Lisi Tikoduadua; Rachel Devi; Evelyn Tuivaga; Catherine Satzke; E Kim Mulholland; W John Edmunds; Fiona M Russell Journal: Vaccine Date: 2019-10-23 Impact factor: 3.641