The effect of post-weaning individual housing on 50-kHz calls emitted from male rats to sexually receptive female rats.

Post-weaning individual housing induces significant alterations in the social behaviors of laboratory rats. Adult rats use ultrasonic vocalizations as a primary method to communicate social affective states. In this study, we examined the effect of prolonged post-weaning individual housing on the emission of male ultrasonic vocalizations referred to as "50-kHz calls", which are positively correlated with positive and social affective states in adult male rats. We used an anesthetized sexually receptive female rat to induce 50-kHz calls in adult males. Male subjects that were housed individually emitted fewer 50-kHz calls (both frequency modulated and flat 50-kHz calls) in adulthood compared to subjects housed socially after weaning. Our results showed that prolonged post-weaning individual housing of male rats reduced the male's ability to recognize social and reward cues from female rats and/or to emit sufficient and appropriate 50-kHz calls to female rats. These effects may be associated with developmental dysfunction induced by prolonged post-weaning individual housing.