G A Kelley1, K S Kelley, W M Kohrt. 1. School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, PO Box 9190, Morgantown, WV 26506-9190, USA. gkelley@hsc.wvu.edu
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Use the meta-analytic approach to examine the effects of ground and/or joint reaction force exercise on femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral density (BMD) in men. METHODS: Randomized controlled exercise trials ≥ 24 weeks were included. Standardized effect sizes (g) were calculated and pooled using random-effects models, z-score alpha values and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity was examined using Q and I(2). Statistical significance was set at a two-tailed alpha value (p) of ≤ 0.05 and a trend at >0.05 to ≤ 0.10. RESULTS: A moderate and statistically significant improvement was found at the FN (3 g's, 187 participants, g=0.583, 95% CI=0.031, 1.135, p=0.04, Q=5.6, p=0.06, I(2)=64%) while a small trend was observed at the LS (5 g's, 275 participants, g=0.190, 95% CI=-0.036, 0.416, p=0.10, Q=3.0, p=0.55, I(2)=0%). Results were sensitive to influence analysis as well as collapsing multiple groups from the same studies so that only one g represented each study. CONCLUSIONS: There is currently insufficient evidence to recommend ground and/or joint reaction force exercise for improving and/or maintaining FN and LS BMD in men. Additional well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed before any final recommendations can be formulated.
OBJECTIVE: Use the meta-analytic approach to examine the effects of ground and/or joint reaction force exercise on femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral density (BMD) in men. METHODS: Randomized controlled exercise trials ≥ 24 weeks were included. Standardized effect sizes (g) were calculated and pooled using random-effects models, z-score alpha values and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity was examined using Q and I(2). Statistical significance was set at a two-tailed alpha value (p) of ≤ 0.05 and a trend at >0.05 to ≤ 0.10. RESULTS: A moderate and statistically significant improvement was found at the FN (3 g's, 187 participants, g=0.583, 95% CI=0.031, 1.135, p=0.04, Q=5.6, p=0.06, I(2)=64%) while a small trend was observed at the LS (5 g's, 275 participants, g=0.190, 95% CI=-0.036, 0.416, p=0.10, Q=3.0, p=0.55, I(2)=0%). Results were sensitive to influence analysis as well as collapsing multiple groups from the same studies so that only one g represented each study. CONCLUSIONS: There is currently insufficient evidence to recommend ground and/or joint reaction force exercise for improving and/or maintaining FN and LS BMD in men. Additional well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed before any final recommendations can be formulated.
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