Influence of Implant Surface Topography and Loading Condition on Stress Distribution in Bone Around Implants: A Comparative 3D FEA.

A three-dimensional Finite Element Method was used to study the influence of porous coated surface topography of an implant on stress and strain distribution pattern in the cortical and cancellous bone during axial and non-axial loading. Two implants, one with porous surface topography and one with smooth surface were embedded in separate geometric models of posterior mandibular region which was generated using a CT scan data. Material properties and boundary conditions were applied. Load of 100 and 50 N were applied on to the abutment from axial and non-axial directions respectively. Porous surface topography appeared to distribute stress in a more uniform pattern around the implant with near absence of stress in the apical region of implant. Smooth surfaced implant showed high punching stress at the apex of the implant. The porous coated interface was considered to simulate the shock absorbing behavior of periodontal ligament of natural dentition. Maximum amount of stress concentration was observed in the cortical bone which plays a major role in the dissipation of the stress.