Community-based non-pharmacological interventions delivered by family caregivers reduce behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia.

Implications for practice and research: Non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) should be the first line of treatment for the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Multicomponent NPIs tailored to individual and caregiver needs can reduce BPSD in community settings. Current instruments that measure BPSD lack precision, diluting the observed effect of NPIs; more precise outcome measures are needed. Quality-of-life indicators may be more sensitive measures of NPI benefits than reduction in negative behaviours.