Recovery of silicon from sewage sludge for production of high-purity nano-SiO(2).

Generation of excess sewage sludge has already caused many environmental problems. A novel investigation for recovery of Si from the carbonized raw sewage sludge (RS) has been conducted in this study. Results show that early rupture (by OH(-)) of Si-O-Si bond in the networks of SiO(4)(4-) tetrahedron is the key step for formation of RS-derived sodium silicate (Na(2)O·(SiO(2))(x)·(H(2)O)(y)). SiO(2) gel is formed through the silica colloidal-particles cohesion, which is partly affected by the bridging role of the hydrated Na(+) (1070.7eV). O1s peaks of the SiO(2) can be decomposed into two components, i.e. Si-O bridging oxygen atoms (532.4 eV) and hydroxyl groups (O-H, 533.0 eV). Intensity of the O-H stretching vibration bands around 3450 cm(-1) (residual Si-OH), which is inversely related to the condensation degree, decreases as sol pH increases. Properties of this high purity RS-SiO(2) enable it to have the potential for numerous technological (environmental and biotechnology) applications. Reutilization of RS for production of SiO(2) may provide an environmental benefits to communities by protecting water, soil and air. Crown