Guangwen Li1, Xianwei Zeng2, Tailing Ji2, Vance Fredrickson3, Tony Wang3, Mohammed Hussain3, Changhong Ren4, Jian Chen5, Chaitanya Sikhram3, Yuchuan Ding3, Xunming Ji6. 1. Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China. 2. Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College, Weifang, People's Republic of China. 3. Department of Neurological Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA. 4. Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China. 5. Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China. 6. Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: jixm@ccmu.edu.cn.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Patients with cerebral sinus and cortical venous thrombosis develop venous infarcts in approximately 50% of cases, resulting in serious clinical symptoms. An animal model is needed to further clarify the underlying mechanisms and consequences surrounding cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, particularly for severe ones. METHODS: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to develop a new superior sagittal sinus thrombosis model involving cortical veins. The superior sagittal sinus was exposed and ligated. A microcatheter was inserted into the sinus, then both common carotid arteries were temporary occluded to reduce cerebral blood flow, and thrombin was injected into the sinus. Twenty-four hours later, after evaluating neurological function and obtaining a magnetic resonance imaging, animals were sacrificed and data pertaining to brain water content, infarct volume, and tissue histology was collected. RESULTS: Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis and brain infarction were detected in all rats (100%). Hemorrhagic infarction, when present, and brain edema were observed in the brain parenchyma of the parietal lobe. The rate of hemorrhage was 59%, which is similar to that seen clinically in patients with superior sagittal sinus thrombosis. Brain edema, as measured by brain water content percentage, was significantly increased in thrombosed animals compared with sham-operated animals (80.8% ± 0.55% vs. 78.8% ± 0.14%, P < 0.05). Infarct volumes were 53.02 ± 7.91 mm(3). CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that our modified model of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis, involving cortical veins, is suitable for the study of its underlying mechanisms, as well as therapeutic approaches directed at the disease.
OBJECTIVE:Patients with cerebral sinus and cortical venous thrombosis develop venous infarcts in approximately 50% of cases, resulting in serious clinical symptoms. An animal model is needed to further clarify the underlying mechanisms and consequences surrounding cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, particularly for severe ones. METHODS: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to develop a new superior sagittal sinus thrombosis model involving cortical veins. The superior sagittal sinus was exposed and ligated. A microcatheter was inserted into the sinus, then both common carotid arteries were temporary occluded to reduce cerebral blood flow, and thrombin was injected into the sinus. Twenty-four hours later, after evaluating neurological function and obtaining a magnetic resonance imaging, animals were sacrificed and data pertaining to brain water content, infarct volume, and tissue histology was collected. RESULTS: Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis and brain infarction were detected in all rats (100%). Hemorrhagic infarction, when present, and brain edema were observed in the brain parenchyma of the parietal lobe. The rate of hemorrhage was 59%, which is similar to that seen clinically in patients with superior sagittal sinus thrombosis. Brain edema, as measured by brain water content percentage, was significantly increased in thrombosed animals compared with sham-operated animals (80.8% ± 0.55% vs. 78.8% ± 0.14%, P < 0.05). Infarct volumes were 53.02 ± 7.91 mm(3). CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that our modified model of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis, involving cortical veins, is suitable for the study of its underlying mechanisms, as well as therapeutic approaches directed at the disease.
Authors: Ivan Maria Smoday; Igor Petrovic; Luka Kalogjera; Hrvoje Vranes; Helena Zizek; Ivan Krezic; Slaven Gojkovic; Ivan Skorak; Klaudija Hriberski; Ivan Brizic; Milovan Kubat; Sanja Strbe; Ivan Barisic; Marija Sola; Eva Lovric; Marin Lozic; Alenka Boban Blagaic; Anita Skrtic; Sven Seiwerth; Predrag Sikiric Journal: Biomedicines Date: 2022-06-01
Authors: Slaven Gojkovic; Ivan Krezic; Hrvoje Vranes; Helena Zizek; Domagoj Drmic; Katarina Horvat Pavlov; Andrea Petrovic; Lovorka Batelja Vuletic; Marija Milavic; Suncana Sikiric; Irma Stilinovic; Mariam Samara; Mario Knezevic; Ivan Barisic; Ivica Sjekavica; Eva Lovric; Anita Skrtic; Sven Seiwerth; Predrag Sikiric Journal: Biomedicines Date: 2021-06-28