Canine ichthyosis and related disorders of cornification.

The stratum corneum acts as a permability barrier to keep the body hydrated while preventing environmental damage and exposure to pathogens and noxious substances. Disorders of cornification (DOC) arise from an inability to form a normal stratum corneum. Most DOC arise secondary to skin allergies, ectoparasitism, endocrine and metabolic diseases. Primary DOC typically arise from single gene mutations. As there is no cure for primary DOC (ichthyoses), a stepwise diagnostic approach is fundamental to establishing a correct diagnosis. Treatment involves a regimen of topical therapy as well as medical scrutiny to address secondary bacterial and yeast infections.