PURPOSE: Carcinoma of the gallbladder (CaGB) is a common health problem in Northern India. Exact causative factors are still obscure. Dietary habits are also known to be a major factor in the gallbladder carcinogenesis. Mustard oil is mostly used as cooking media, which is adulterated by sanguinarine, diethylnitrosamine and repeated frying. We tried to find out the association of mustard oil as cooking media with CaGB. METHODS: Twenty patients each of CaGB (group I) and cholelithiasis (group II) were included in the study. Sanguinarine and diethylnitrosamine (DEN) were extracted from the tissue and blood samples from both groups. Mean and standard error of mean of the concentration of the sanguinarine and DEN were calculated. Mann-Whitney U test was applied to test the level of significance between the two groups. RESULTS: The mean concentration of tissue sanguinarine in both groups (I and II) was 195.18 ng/mg and 24.05 ng/mg, respectively, and the difference was statistically highly significant (p < 0.001). The estimated concentration of blood sanguinarine was 230.96 ng/mL and 14.0 ng/mL in group I and II, respectively, and the difference was statistically highly significant (p < 0.001). The concentration of DEN in the tissue sample was 38.08 ng/mg in CaGB and 2.51 ng/mg in cholelithiasis patient, and these values were statistically highly significant (p < 0.001). Similarly, blood DEN concentration was 119.05 ng/mL and 4.22 ng/mL in group I and II, respectively, and the difference was statistically highly significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: There is an increase in concentration of sanguinarine and diethylnitrosamine in CaGB blood and tissue in comparison to the cholelithiasis group suggesting an association with carcinoma of the gallbladder.
PURPOSE:Carcinoma of the gallbladder (CaGB) is a common health problem in Northern India. Exact causative factors are still obscure. Dietary habits are also known to be a major factor in the gallbladder carcinogenesis. Mustard oil is mostly used as cooking media, which is adulterated by sanguinarine, diethylnitrosamine and repeated frying. We tried to find out the association of mustard oil as cooking media with CaGB. METHODS: Twenty patients each of CaGB (group I) and cholelithiasis (group II) were included in the study. Sanguinarine and diethylnitrosamine (DEN) were extracted from the tissue and blood samples from both groups. Mean and standard error of mean of the concentration of the sanguinarine and DEN were calculated. Mann-Whitney U test was applied to test the level of significance between the two groups. RESULTS: The mean concentration of tissue sanguinarine in both groups (I and II) was 195.18 ng/mg and 24.05 ng/mg, respectively, and the difference was statistically highly significant (p < 0.001). The estimated concentration of blood sanguinarine was 230.96 ng/mL and 14.0 ng/mL in group I and II, respectively, and the difference was statistically highly significant (p < 0.001). The concentration of DEN in the tissue sample was 38.08 ng/mg in CaGB and 2.51 ng/mg in cholelithiasispatient, and these values were statistically highly significant (p < 0.001). Similarly, blood DEN concentration was 119.05 ng/mL and 4.22 ng/mL in group I and II, respectively, and the difference was statistically highly significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: There is an increase in concentration of sanguinarine and diethylnitrosamine in CaGB blood and tissue in comparison to the cholelithiasis group suggesting an association with carcinoma of the gallbladder.
Authors: Jeffrey M Karp; Kapila A Rodrigo; Ping Pei; Matthew D Pavlick; Jeffrey D Andersen; Dennis J McTigue; Henry W Fields; Susan R Mallery Journal: Toxicol Lett Date: 2005-04-01 Impact factor: 4.372
Authors: Neha Shanker; Prashant Mathur; Priyanka Das; K Sathishkumar; A J Martina Shalini; Meesha Chaturvedi Journal: Indian J Med Res Date: 2021-07 Impact factor: 2.375
Authors: Kaitlin H Wade; James Yarmolinsky; Richard M Martin; Caroline L Relton; Edward Giovannucci; Sarah J Lewis; Iona Y Millwood; Marcus R Munafò; Fleur Meddens; Kimberley Burrows; Joshua A Bell; Neil M Davies; Daniela Mariosa; Noora Kanerva; Emma E Vincent; Karl Smith-Byrne; Florence Guida; Marc J Gunter; Eleanor Sanderson; Frank Dudbridge; Stephen Burgess; Marilyn C Cornelis; Tom G Richardson; Maria Carolina Borges; Jack Bowden; Gibran Hemani; Yoonsu Cho; Wes Spiller; Rebecca C Richmond; Alice R Carter; Ryan Langdon; Deborah A Lawlor; Robin G Walters; Karani Santhanakrishnan Vimaleswaran; Annie Anderson; Meda R Sandu; Kate Tilling; George Davey Smith Journal: Cancer Causes Control Date: 2022-03-11 Impact factor: 2.532