Long-term impact of infection on the preterm neonate.

Prematurely born infants are at increased risk for infection throughout their hospitalization. Various developmentally regulated processes involving the central nervous and respiratory systems may be disrupted by the proinflammatory state associated with infection, resulting in an increased risk for death, chronic lung disease, and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. This review summarizes the current understanding of the long-term impact of infection and/or inflammation in preterm infants, including the risks associated with perinatal infection, early-onset sepsis, late-onset sepsis, and necrotizing enterocolitis.