[Role of preoperative radiotherapy in preservation of the anal sphincter in cancer of the lower rectum].

Short term preoperative irradiation of rectal cancer (30 Gy in 12 days) followed by a two-month rest before surgery has proven to be more efficient than most usual protocols of radiotherapy. In a series of 136 tumors T2, T3 or T4, tumor-free specimens and Duke'A lesions were found at surgery in 17% and 36% respectively. Surgeons took advantage of the tumor regression and performed sphincter-saving surgery in 41 patients with T2, T3 or T4 tumors of the lower third of the rectum. Of 30 patients followed from 2 to 6 years, the disease-free survival rate is 86%. Only one local failure was observed and subsequently controlled by abdomino-perineal resection.