BACKGROUND: To assess the epidemiology and seasonality of influenza in Uganda, we established a sentinel surveillance system for influenza in 5 hospitals and 5 outpatient clinics in 4 geographically distinct regions, using standard case definitions for influenzalike illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory illness (SARI). METHODS: Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal specimens were collected from April 2007 through September 2010 from patients with ILI and SARI aged ≥ 2 months, tested for influenza A and B with real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and subtyped for seasonal A/H1, A/H3, A/H5, and 2009 pandemic influenza A (pH1N1). RESULTS: Among the 2758 patients sampled, 2656 (96%) enrolled with ILI and 101 (4%) with SARI. Specimens from 359 (13.0%) were positive for influenza; 267 (74.4%) were influenza A, and 92 (25.6%) were influenza B. The median age of both patients with ILI and patients with SARI was 4 years (range, 2 months to 67 years); patients aged 5-14 years had the highest influenza-positive percentage (19.6%), and patients aged 0-4 years had the lowest percentage (9.1%). Influenza circulated throughout the year, but the percentage of influenza-positive specimens peaked during June-November, coinciding with the second rainy season. CONCLUSIONS: Continued and increased surveillance is needed to better understand the morbidity and mortality of influenza in Uganda.
BACKGROUND: To assess the epidemiology and seasonality of influenza in Uganda, we established a sentinel surveillance system for influenza in 5 hospitals and 5 outpatient clinics in 4 geographically distinct regions, using standard case definitions for influenzalike illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory illness (SARI). METHODS: Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal specimens were collected from April 2007 through September 2010 from patients with ILI and SARI aged ≥ 2 months, tested for influenza A and B with real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and subtyped for seasonal A/H1, A/H3, A/H5, and 2009 pandemic influenza A (pH1N1). RESULTS: Among the 2758 patients sampled, 2656 (96%) enrolled with ILI and 101 (4%) with SARI. Specimens from 359 (13.0%) were positive for influenza; 267 (74.4%) were influenza A, and 92 (25.6%) were influenza B. The median age of both patients with ILI and patients with SARI was 4 years (range, 2 months to 67 years); patients aged 5-14 years had the highest influenza-positive percentage (19.6%), and patients aged 0-4 years had the lowest percentage (9.1%). Influenza circulated throughout the year, but the percentage of influenza-positive specimens peaked during June-November, coinciding with the second rainy season. CONCLUSIONS: Continued and increased surveillance is needed to better understand the morbidity and mortality of influenza in Uganda.
Authors: Wan Yang; Matthew J Cummings; Barnabas Bakamutumaho; John Kayiwa; Nicholas Owor; Barbara Namagambo; Timothy Byaruhanga; Julius J Lutwama; Max R O'Donnell; Jeffrey Shaman Journal: Epidemics Date: 2018-03-19 Impact factor: 4.396
Authors: A Mahamat; P Dussart; A Bouix; L Carvalho; F Eltges; S Matheus; M A Miller; P Quenel; C Viboud Journal: J Infect Date: 2013-04-15 Impact factor: 6.072
Authors: Matthew J Cummings; Barnabas Bakamutumaho; Wan Yang; Joseph F Wamala; John Kayiwa; Nicholas Owor; Barbara Namagambo; Timothy Byaruhanga; Allison Wolf; Julius J Lutwama; Jeffrey Shaman; Max R O'Donnell Journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg Date: 2018-01-01 Impact factor: 2.345
Authors: Mark A Katz; Philip Muthoka; Gideon O Emukule; Rosalia Kalani; Henry Njuguna; Lilian W Waiboci; Jamal A Ahmed; Godfrey Bigogo; Daniel R Feikin; Moses K Njenga; Robert F Breiman; Joshua A Mott Journal: PLoS One Date: 2014-06-23 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Justin R Ortiz; Kathleen M Neuzil; Colin R Cooke; Moni B Neradilek; Christopher H Goss; David K Shay Journal: PLoS One Date: 2014-11-25 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Matthew J Cummings; Barnabas Bakamutumaho; John Kayiwa; Timothy Byaruhanga; Nicholas Owor; Barbara Namagambo; Allison Wolf; Joseph F Wamala; Stephen S Morse; Julius J Lutwama; Max R O'Donnell Journal: Ann Am Thorac Soc Date: 2016-12