Endobronchial instillations of amphotericin B: complementary treatment for pulmonary mucormycosis.

Pulmonary mucormycosis is a rare fungal infection that appears in patients with hematologic diseases who are immunosuppressed by chemotherapy. We report a case of pulmonary mucormycosis in a 21-year-old man with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. During the period of pancytopenia he developed invasive mucormycosis. His initial symptoms were pleuritic chest pain with fever and unresponsiveness to broad-spectrum antibiotics. The outcome was favorable after long-term systemic and aerosolized amphotericin B, endobronchial instillations of amphotericin B, posaconazole, and surgery.