James White1, Russell Jago2, Janice L Thompson2. 1. 1 Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4YS, UK. 2. 2 Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Identifying risk factors for insulin resistance in adolescence could provide valuable information for early prevention. The study sought to identify risk factors for changes in insulin resistance and fasting blood glucose levels. DESIGN: Prospective cohort of girls participating in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study. SETTING USA SUBJECTS: Adolescent girls (n 774) assessed at the ages of 16-17 and 18-19 years. Over a 3-year period, measurements of fasting blood glucose and insulin and serum cotinine were taken, and dietary intake (3 d food diary), smoking status and physical activity levels were self-reported. RESULTS: Improvements in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were associated with increases in the percentage of energy intake from polyunsaturated fats (β = -3·33, 95% CI -6·28, -0·39, P = 0·03) and grams of soluble fibre (β = -5·20, 95% CI -9·81, -0·59, P = 0·03) between the ages of 16-17 and 18-19 years; with similar findings for insulin. Transitioning into obesity was associated with an increase in insulin (β = 6·34, 95% CI 2·78, 9·91, P < 0·001) and HOMA-IR (β = 28·77, 95% CI 8·13, 49·40, P = 0·006). Serum cotinine concentrations at 16-17 years, indicating exposure to tobacco, were associated with large increases (β = 15·43, 95% CI 6·09, 24·77, P < 0·001) in fasting blood glucose concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Increases in the percentage of energy from polyunsaturated fat and fibre, and avoidance of excess weight gain and tobacco exposure, could substantially reduce the risk of insulin resistance in late adolescence.
OBJECTIVE: Identifying risk factors for insulin resistance in adolescence could provide valuable information for early prevention. The study sought to identify risk factors for changes in insulin resistance and fasting blood glucose levels. DESIGN: Prospective cohort of girls participating in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study. SETTING USA SUBJECTS: Adolescent girls (n 774) assessed at the ages of 16-17 and 18-19 years. Over a 3-year period, measurements of fasting blood glucose and insulin and serum cotinine were taken, and dietary intake (3 d food diary), smoking status and physical activity levels were self-reported. RESULTS: Improvements in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were associated with increases in the percentage of energy intake from polyunsaturated fats (β = -3·33, 95% CI -6·28, -0·39, P = 0·03) and grams of soluble fibre (β = -5·20, 95% CI -9·81, -0·59, P = 0·03) between the ages of 16-17 and 18-19 years; with similar findings for insulin. Transitioning into obesity was associated with an increase in insulin (β = 6·34, 95% CI 2·78, 9·91, P < 0·001) and HOMA-IR (β = 28·77, 95% CI 8·13, 49·40, P = 0·006). Serum cotinine concentrations at 16-17 years, indicating exposure to tobacco, were associated with large increases (β = 15·43, 95% CI 6·09, 24·77, P < 0·001) in fasting blood glucose concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Increases in the percentage of energy from polyunsaturated fat and fibre, and avoidance of excess weight gain and tobacco exposure, could substantially reduce the risk of insulin resistance in late adolescence.
Authors: Marzieh Kafeshani; Mohsen Janghorbani; Rasol Salehi; Mohammad Kazemi; Mohammad Hasan Entezari Journal: J Res Med Sci Date: 2015-09 Impact factor: 1.852
Authors: Eleanor M Winpenny; Tarra L Penney; Kirsten Corder; Martin White; Esther M F van Sluijs Journal: Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act Date: 2017-05-04 Impact factor: 6.457
Authors: Maria Izabel Siqueira de Andrade; Juliana Souza Oliveira; Vanessa Sá Leal; Niedja Maria da Silva Lima; Phelipe Bibiano Bezerra; Emerson Rogério Costa Santiago; Pedro Israel Cabral de Lira Journal: Rev Paul Pediatr Date: 2020-03-16