Enhancing patient compliance with hormone replacement therapy at menopause.

Physicians who prescribe hormone replacement therapy for menopausal women should explain the purpose, risks, and side effects of the treatment. This enhances compliance and discourages patients from discontinuing therapy because of fears of cancer or misconceptions about hormone replacement therapy. The physician should explain that the risk of endometrial cancer is virtually eliminated (reduced to that of a normal woman or a woman not receiving therapy) by the addition of progestogen to estrogen regimens, and that when this cancer does occur, it is usually diagnosed and treated early. Recent studies have not conclusively shown a significant effect of progestogen on lipid profiles relevant to cardiovascular disease. Hormone replacement therapy does not appear to be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Nuisance side effects (such as edema and breast tenderness) can be better tolerated if the physician prepares the patient, offers a solution, and helps to put the problem in perspective. Other measures, such as providing written information and avoiding unnecessary biopsies, also enhance compliance.