OBJECTIVE: In the past, the comparability of empirical studies that examined the course and outcome of schizophrenia was limited by their use of different diagnostic systems. Focussing on the psychopathological long-term outcome, the present article aims to review follow-up studies that used modern operationalized diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia (DSM-III, DSM-III-R, DSM-IV and ICD-10). METHOD: We searched MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, PsycINFO and PSYNDEX for relevant studies up to the year 2011. Twenty-one studies were included in the final analysis. RESULTS: The long-term outcome of schizophrenia was heterogeneous and included full remissions as well as severe chronic states. Schizophrenia, however, showed a considerably more unfavourable outcome than other diagnostic groups such as schizoaffective or affective disorders. Psychopathological symptoms remained relatively stable in the course of illness. Several predictors for a poor outcome were identified, such as male gender or pronounced negative symptoms. CONCLUSION: Recent studies using modern diagnostic systems largely confirm the results of earlier studies. Current diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia identify a heterogeneous sample of patients. The influence of therapeutic interventions on long-term outcome remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE: In the past, the comparability of empirical studies that examined the course and outcome of schizophrenia was limited by their use of different diagnostic systems. Focussing on the psychopathological long-term outcome, the present article aims to review follow-up studies that used modern operationalized diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia (DSM-III, DSM-III-R, DSM-IV and ICD-10). METHOD: We searched MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, PsycINFO and PSYNDEX for relevant studies up to the year 2011. Twenty-one studies were included in the final analysis. RESULTS: The long-term outcome of schizophrenia was heterogeneous and included full remissions as well as severe chronic states. Schizophrenia, however, showed a considerably more unfavourable outcome than other diagnostic groups such as schizoaffective or affective disorders. Psychopathological symptoms remained relatively stable in the course of illness. Several predictors for a poor outcome were identified, such as male gender or pronounced negative symptoms. CONCLUSION: Recent studies using modern diagnostic systems largely confirm the results of earlier studies. Current diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia identify a heterogeneous sample of patients. The influence of therapeutic interventions on long-term outcome remains unclear.
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Authors: Ji Chen; Kaustubh R Patil; Susanne Weis; Kang Sim; Thomas Nickl-Jockschat; Juan Zhou; André Aleman; Iris E Sommer; Edith J Liemburg; Felix Hoffstaedter; Ute Habel; Birgit Derntl; Xiaojin Liu; Jona M Fischer; Lydia Kogler; Christina Regenbogen; Vaibhav A Diwadkar; Jeffrey A Stanley; Valentin Riedl; Renaud Jardri; Oliver Gruber; Aristeidis Sotiras; Christos Davatzikos; Simon B Eickhoff Journal: Biol Psychiatry Date: 2019-09-23 Impact factor: 12.810
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