D-14 monoclonal antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen: immunohistochemical analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human colorectal carcinoma, tumors of non-colorectal origin and normal tissues.

The reactivity of D-14 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to a specific epitope of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was evaluated on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. A total of 52 normal tissues, 90 colorectal carcinomas and 127 non-colorectal neoplasms were tested using the peroxidase/antiperoxidase technique. D-14 mAb did not react with normal tissues apart from producing a weak staining of normal colonic glands immediately adjacent to the neoplastic structures. All 61 primary and 29 metastatic colorectal carcinomas expressed the carcinoembryonic antigen. However, there was considerable heterogeneity in cellular antigen expression in both primary and metastatic colorectal carcinomas with 10%-99% of tumor cells staining. Of 22 stomach adenocarcinomas, 14 were also immunoreactive, as were 2 of 5 pancreatic carcinomas. Only 6 of 100 neoplasms of non-gastrointestinal origin expressed weak to moderate immunoreactivity. In 7 cases, colorectal micrometastases not recognized in conventional hematoxylin and eosin slides could be identified with D-14 mAb. The specificity of this antibody could be used in differentiating colorectal carcinomas from other types of tumors, including adenocarcinoma from other sites.