TREM-1: intracellular signaling pathways and interaction with pattern recognition receptors.

TREM-1 is an important signaling receptor expressed on neutrophils and monocytes that plays an important role in systemic infections. Here, we review the intracellular signaling pathways that mediate the immunological effects of TREM-1. Because of the absence of signaling motifs, TREM-1 constitutively associates with DAP12 for induction of intracellular signals. After phosphorylation of DAP12, production of chemokines and cytokines is induced. Moreover, TREM-1 also modulates signaling pathways induced by known classes of PRRs, such as TLRs and NLRs. The exact mechanisms through which TREM-1 influences TLR and NLR pathways are still largely elusive.