Strong fiber-reinforced hydrogel.

In biological hydrogels, the gel matrix is usually reinforced with micro- or nanofibers, and the resulting composite is tough and strong. In contrast, synthetic hydrogels are weak and brittle, although they are highly elastic. The are many potential applications for strong synthetic hydrogels in medical devices, including as scaffolds for tissue growth. This work describes a new class of hydrogel composites reinforced with elastic fibers, giving them a cartilage-like structure. A three-dimensional rapid prototyping technique was used to form crossed "log-piles" of elastic fibers that are then impregnated with an epoxy-based hydrogel in order to form the fiber-reinforced gel. The fibrous construct improves the strength, modulus and toughness of the hydrogel, and also constrains the swelling. By altering the construct geometry and studying the effect on mechanical properties, we will develop the understanding needed to design strong hydrogels for biomedical devices and soft machines.