Demodicidosis: an uncommon erythema after cranio-maxillofacial surgery.

Demodex mites are commonly found in the healthy population, but the pathogenesis of demodicidosis has still not been clarified, though it is usually found in cases of immune deficiency. A 45-year-old man presented with an unusual outbreak of erythema and swelling 6 months after resection and chemoradiotherapy for a squamous cell carcinoma of the anterior floor of the mouth. The cheek was biopsied and histological examination showed demodicidosis. In cases of erythema with a normal blood cell count and no history of allergy, particularly in patients with reduced immunity, demodicidosis should be considered as a diagnosis and should be confirmed by examination of a biopsy specimen.