Episodic retrieval and decaying inhibition in the competitor-rule suppression phenomenon.

The Competitor Rule Suppression (CRS) effect is the performance impairment observed in task switching when the currently relevant task rule is the same rule that had generated a response conflict in the preceding trial. This effect could reflect (a) episodic tagging, in which a competitor rule is retrieved with relative difficulty in subsequent trials or (b) residual active inhibition of the competing rule. In order to help distinguishing between the two accounts, the authors manipulated the Response-Cue Interval (RCI), which may influence both processes. CRS increased with increasing temporal distinctiveness between the previous and current episode (operationalized by the ratio of the current RCI to the previous RCI, RCI/pRCI), thus supporting episodic tagging. CRS additionally decreased numerically with increasing RCI even when the RCI/pRCI ratio was fixed, thereby providing suggestive support for the decay account.