DJ-1 expression modulates astrocyte-mediated protection against neuronal oxidative stress.

DJ-1 deficiency is a cause of genetic Parkinson's disease (PARK7 PD). In sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD), however, DJ-1 is abundantly expressed in reactive astrocytes. This may represent a compensatory protective response. In initial support of this hypothesis, we have shown in vitro that DJ-1-overexpressing astrocytes protect neurons against rotenone-induced death. Rotenone, a pesticide linked to increased PD risk, can stimulate oxidative stress. This process is implicated in PD pathogenesis. Since DJ-1 can enhance antioxidant systems, we hypothesized that augmenting its expression in astrocytes would protect cocultured neurons against oxidative stress. We report here that DJ-1-overexpressing astrocytes were significantly more protective against rotenone-induced neuronal thiol oxidation than wild-type astrocytes in neuron-astrocyte cocultures. DJ-1-knockdown astrocytes, on the other hand, were significantly impaired in their capacity to protect neurons against thiol oxidation. Each of these findings was replicated using astrocyte-conditioned media on neuron-enriched cultures. Thus, DJ-1-modulated, astrocyte-released soluble factors must be involved in the mechanism. This is the first demonstration that the manipulation of a PD-causing gene in astrocytes affects their ability to protect neurons against oxidative stress.