Human platelet osteonectin: release, surface expression, and partial characterization.

Our laboratory has previously shown that osteonectin, an abundant noncollagenous bone protein, is contained in and secreted from human platelets. In this study, the distribution of osteonectin both in the supernatant and on the platelet surface after activation was measured by fluid-phase and solid-phase radioimmunoassay, respectively. Total cellular osteonectin was determined by RIA of guanidinium chloride extracted platelets and ranged from 0.65 to 2.2 micrograms/10(8) platelets or 135,000 to 457,000 molecules/platelet. Platelets treated with varying concentrations of collagen and thrombin released osteonectin in a dose-dependent fashion. Approximately 61% of the total platelet osteonectin was secreted at saturating concentrations of collagen and thrombin. A small fraction of platelet osteonectin is expressed on the surface of platelets in an activation-specific manner as evidenced by the specific and saturable binding of [125I]-anti-osteonectin monoclonal antibody, IIIA3A8, to thrombin-activated platelets. Based on a non-linear least squares regression analysis of the antibody binding, 2,200 IIIA3A8 molecules, or 0.8% of the total platelet osteonectin, is expressed on the platelet surface on activation. Platelet osteonectin was purified from the supernatant of thrombin-activated platelets by immunoaffinity chromatography. Western blotting of proteins secreted by washed, thrombin-stimulated platelets with IIIA3A8 indicated that the osteonectin molecule released from the platelet is a single chain polypeptide. Comparison of immunopurified platelet osteonectin with isolated bovine bone osteonectin and isolated human bone osteonectin by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that platelet osteonectin has a greater apparent molecular weight than bone osteonectin. The NH2-terminal sequence of immunopurified platelet osteonectin was obtained by automated Edman degradation and is identical to the sequence of human bone osteonectin derived from the cDNA of SaOS-2 cells. Collectively, these data suggest that platelet osteonectin is structurally distinct from bone osteonectin in a region of the molecule at a distance from the NH2-terminus.