Penetrating pancreatic injuries. Analysis of 103 consecutive cases.

The optimal management of penetrating pancreatic injuries continues to be a matter of debate and controversy. The present study analyzes 103 consecutive patients with these wounds treated at a level I Trauma Center in a 14-year period (1975-1988). Twenty-seven patients died within 48 hours from extensive associated trauma (Abdominal Trauma Index [ATI] 46.7). The majority of the remaining 76 patients were treated by debridement and drainage. Nineteen patients with grade III injuries had distal pancreatectomy. Six patients with extensive combined pancreatoduodenal injuries had pancreatoduodenectomy. Pancreatoenteric anastomoses or duodenal diversion procedures rarely were used. Pancreatic complications included major fistulas in four patients (5%) and pancreatic abscess in nine patients (11%). Only one of the fistulas required subsequent fistulojejunostomy. Intra-abdominal abscesses occurred in 18 patients (23.6%), mostly in patients with associated colon injury (P less than 0.001). It is concluded that a conservative approach to penetrating pancreatic injuries yields optimal results and that associated colon injury is an important predeterminant for abscess formation.