Epithelial effects on tracheal smooth muscle tone: influence of muscarinic antagonists.

The tracheobronchial epithelium produces factor(s) that modulate the constrictor and relaxant response of airway smooth muscle. The present study sought to determine whether the tracheobronchial epithelial inhibitory effect on trachealis smooth muscle tension is under muscarinic receptor control. Studies were performed on 195 strips from 13 rabbits. In strips in which the epithelium was intact, pirenzepine (an M1 receptor antagonist) produced a dose-related (10(-8) and 10(-7)M) rightward shift (P less than 0.01 for each) and gallamine (an M2 antagonist) produced a progressive (10(-8) and 10(-7)M) leftward shift of the acetylcholine concentration responses (P less than 0.01 for each). In strips in which the epithelium was removed mechanically, neither pirenzepine nor gallamine had any effect on the acetylcholine responses. In acetylcholine precontracted (5 x 10(-6) M) muscle strips with epithelium intact, addition of pirenzepine (10(-7)M) produced a significant (P less than 0.01) reduction in steady-state tension, whereas administration of gallamine tended to increase tension, (P = NS). Neither pirenzepine nor gallamine had any effect on steady-state tension in strips in which the epithelium was removed. These results indicate that the magnitude of the tracheobronchial epithelial inhibitory effect on smooth muscle tension is under muscarinic control. Specifically, M1 receptor blockade augments and M2 receptor blockade inhibits the magnitude of the tracheobronchial epithelial effect.