Retrospective analysis of the initiation of antibiotic therapy in severe sepsis in pediatric patients.

BACKGROUND: The 2008 Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines state that intravenous antibiotic therapy should be started within the first hour of recognition of septic shock. Currently, there are no published studies looking at antibiotic timing in pediatric sepsis patients.
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to determine if sepsis patients admitted to a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) are administered antibiotics in the appropriate time frame according to the Surviving Sepsis Guidelines.
METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted during a six-month time frame. For the purpose of this pilot study the onset of severe sepsis was defined as the time of a physician order for a vasopressor. Antibiotic appropriateness was based on culture results, drug dosing, and route. Length of PICU stay, overall hospital days, and mortality data were collected. Descriptive statistics on patient demographics, and the prescribing and time of administration of both antibiotics and vasopressors are included.
RESULTS: Fifty-four patients were identified, 4 of which were admitted twice during the study period. Fifty admissions did not meet criteria for analysis, with a final sample size of 8 patients identified. All patients were male with an average age of 7.6 years, average weight of 33.4 kg, and zero mortality rate. Eighty-eight percent of the patients were administered appropriate antibiotics. The average time from vasopressor order to the administration of antibiotics was 7 hours and 40 minutes.
CONCLUSIONS: The time delay in administering antibiotics to our pediatric sepsis patients likely involved physicians, nurses, and pharmacists. System improvements are needed to decrease the time delay in providing antibiotics to this patient population. Although our sample size was small, the mortality rate found in this study is lower than what has been reported in adults with sepsis.