Selected fascial aspects of osteopathic practice.

Fascia is a connective tissue organised as a three-dimensional network that surrounds, supports, suspends, protects, connects and divides muscular, skeletal and visceral components of the body. Studies suggest that fascia reorganises itself along the lines of tension imposed or expressed in the body, and in ways that may cause repercussions to fascial restriction that are body-wide. This may potentially create stress on any structures enveloped by fascia itself, with consequent mechanical and physiological effects. From an osteopathic perspective, fascial techniques aim to release such tensions, decrease pain and restore function. The proposed mechanism for fascial techniques is based on various studies that have looked at the plastic, viscoelastic and piezoelectric properties of connective tissue. This review explores some of the features described above, together with evidence supporting the therapeutic efficacy of fascial manipulation, offering a selected overview of the fascial component in osteopathic assessment and treatment.